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    <title>Land of Hope and Glory: Englishness, Imperialism and Audiences of Major Sport Events</title>
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    <keywords>Short-term ethnography, Sensory Ethnography, Goggle-box method</keywords>
    <abstract>At the time of writing, public debate about the imperialism associated with ‘Englishness’ and subsequent marginalisation of ‘other’ identities has become increasingly salient. From the European Union Referendum to the mourning of Elizabeth II’s passing, explicit displays of the contention between identity, hierarchy and privilege are plentiful. But what of those everyday practices and spaces in which the boundaries of an imagined national community are enacted? In conjunction with other day-to-day sources of nationhood – literature, religion, monarchy, and so forth – sport is an omnipresent domain in which individual fears about being and belonging are played out.

This thesis examines the cultural significance of high-profile major sport events (MSEs) to audiences’ production, embodiment and creation of ‘Englishness.’ It begins with a postcolonial reading of ‘Englishness’ that considers the interplay of imperialism, nationhood and sport viewership. Following this, a philosophical discussion about the nature of truth and knowledge serves as the entry point for broader consideration of the sensory experience of participant households/families watching MSEs. Through a methodology based on “watching people watching” MSEs, this work engages with the mundane, everyday and taken-for-granted parts of sport viewership through which imperial imaginaries, ‘othering’ processes, English exceptionalism and forms of ‘motivated ignorance’ remain unnoticed and unchallenged in the practices of MSE audiences. I argue that participants were (re)defining, (re)producing and (re)enforcing social hierarchies of belonging based on arbitrary characteristics of an imperially defined ‘Englishness’ and highlighting a collective responsibility for inequity. This thesis therefore contributes to dialogues at the intersection of imperialism, nationalism and sport viewership by presenting the ‘concrete’ ways in which – actively unaware or otherwise – difference may be enacted.</abstract>
    <date>2023-08-29</date>
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    <publisher>Bournemouth University</publisher>
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    <contact_email>bordar@bournemouth.ac.uk</contact_email>
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      <role>Primary Investigator</role>
      <name>
        <family>Loveman</family>
        <given>Edward</given>
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      <id>eloveman@bournemouth.ac.uk</id>
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    <data_prep_note>The data analysis was guided by Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six-phase framework for doing a thematic analysis. To summarise, this involved transcribing the audio-visual recordings, and then triangulating the data with other methods of data collection, before coding through NVivo Software</data_prep_note>
    <collection_method>The data collected to used to address the thesis&apos; aims were the result  of mixed methods of data collection deployed over a period of six months. This included 10 short-term sensory ethnographies, where ‘Goggle-box’ style recordings were taken of 9 participant households and/or families watching major sport events. Essentially this meant recording, face on, peoples experience of watching major sport events in which an English team was competing, or the event was eponymously associated with the host country.  Research participants ranged in age from 15 to 90, and a total of 21 participants (7 women, 14 men) were involved in this study. Whilst everyone during recruitment identified as ‘English,’ not all participants were White, and 2 had dual citizenship. All dialogue was recorded and the transcripts are included within this dataset. In addition, observational field notes were taken and participants also presented artefacts, which they felt represented ‘Englishness.’  This data, alongside the visual recordings have not been included within the deposited dataset for anonymity and confidentiality reasons.</collection_method>
    <legal_ethical>The project was approved by the Bournemouth University ethics committee (ID 36268) and data collection was conducted with full the informed consent of all respondents following relevant frameworks and guidelines. To this end the researcher declares that they have read and understood Bournemouth university’s 8A Code of Practice for Research Degrees (Policy, Procedure and Guidelines), and policy on plagiarism.</legal_ethical>
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