The study uses the Resuscitation VR software, which simulates pediatric emergency scenarios. The VR scenarios were evaluated by board-certified emergency department (ED) physicians from Children's Hospital Los Angeles. The participants' stress physiology and workload were compared between real ED shifts and VR simulation sessions in a previous pilot study. This study builds upon the previous one by focusing on usability directly within the VR application.

The methodology includes several components:

Usability Metrics: The study employs the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and the System Usability Scale (SUS) to assess the usability of the VR training system. These metrics evaluate workload and subjective usability evaluations.
User Errors: The study identifies and categorizes user errors using the Generic Error Modelling System. Skill-based, rule-based, and knowledge-based errors are recorded and analyzed to understand their impact on usability and perceived workload.
Observation Protocol: A researcher observes user sessions, records errors, and collects data through voice and screen recordings. Participants follow a Think-Aloud Protocol, vocalizing their decision-making process.
Data Logs: In-simulation data is captured and cross-referenced with recordings to identify and analyze user errors, particularly those related to the 'gap of execution'.
Participants: Nine ED physicians from Children's Hospital Los Angeles participated in the study. They completed two high-risk, low-frequency pediatric resuscitation scenarios using the Resuscitation VR application.