All experiments were online studies (using Gorilla) and participants were presented with lists of 6 words (auditory presentation) which they had to recall using serial order reconstruction. Every third list the same list was repeated (or the same semantic pattern was repeated with different exemplars). Items were scored as '0' if correct, and '1' if incorrect, then averaged across list types (e.g., Hebb and filler). This scoring meant that we were analysing error rates (rather than accuracy). Experiment 1 Hebb lists were different exemplars but following a repeated semantic pattern (Apple, Blue, Cow or Peach, Red, Horse). Filler lists were different exemplars and different semantic orders (Apple, Blue, Cow or Red, Horse, Peach). 70 trials overall (5 blocks of 12 trials and 1 block of 10 trials - see read me file for rationale). Experiment 2 Initial Learning - Hebb trials followed the typical structure (exact item repetition) as did the filler lists (novel items and orders). 21 trials. Transfer of Learning - 4 Novel Hebb lists (new items that follow the previous semantic pattern) and 4 novel filler lists (new items and new semantic orders) were then presented. Experiment 3 All lists were presented as categories (Fruit, Colour, Animal) but when reconstructing the lists participants used exemplars (Apple, Blue, Cow). Hebb lists were categories presented in the same serial order. Filler lists were categories presented in novel orders. All lists had novel exemplars. Sample Participants for the experiments were recruited via sona (Bournemouth University Psychology students), compensated with course credits, and Prolific (non-students), compensated with money. All participants were English speaking and aged between 18 and 50 years old.