Using a repeated measures design, data were collected on phantom models of different shapes using an electromagnetic system. This provided the three-dimensional co-ordinates from which spine and trunk angles were derived. 

Two different measurement methods were used for each set of the three spinal and trunk shape trials. The ‘consecutive’ trials consisted of completing the three repeats of one phantom model without moving the equipment or phantom. The other set of three repeats occurred ‘non-consecutively’ where spinal shape was measured once on each phantom model and then repeated.